Comparison of container formats

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This table compares features of container formats. To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players.

Information

Name and file extension, if different Standard owner Support for B-frames Variable bit rate audio Variable frame rate Chapters Subtitles Video formats supported Audio formats supported Metadata/Tags supported Supports Menus (like DVD)
3GP 3GPP Yes Yes Yes ? 3GPP Timed Text H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AMR-WB+, AAC, HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 ? No
3G2 3GPP2 Yes Yes Yes ? 3GPP Timed Text H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, EVRC, EVRC-B, EVRC-WB, 13K (QCELP), SMV or VMR-WB ? No
Advanced Systems Format (.asf, .wma,
.wmv) 		Microsoft Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Almost anything through VFW or DMO; H.264/AVC is problematic Almost anything through ACM or DMO; Vorbis is problematic Yes ?
AVI Microsoft Yes[1] Yes[2] Yes[3] Yes, via third party modifications Yes, via third party modifications Almost anything through VFW; H.264/AVC is problematic due to the limited B-frame support[4] Almost anything through ACM; Vorbis is problematic [5] not officially No
DivX Media Format (.divx) DivX, Inc. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes MPEG-4 Part 2 video encoded to meet DivX profiles MP3, PCM, AC-3 ? Yes
EVO MPEG Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, VC-1 AC-3, E-AC-3, Dolby TrueHD, Linear PCM, DTS, DTS-HD, MPEG-2 Part 3 ? Yes
F4V (Flash Video) Adobe Systems Yes ? Yes ? ? H.264/MPEG-4 AVC MP3, AAC, HE-AAC[6] Yes ?
FLV (Flash Video) Adobe Systems Yes ? Yes No No Sorenson, VP6, Screen Video, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC[7] MP3, Nellymoser, ADPCM, Linear PCM, AAC[8], Speex[9] Yes No
Matroska (.mkv, .mka) CoreCodec, Inc.[10] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes virtually anything virtually anything Yes currently under development by CoreCodec[11]
MCF BSD-style license for specs, GNU for tools ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? No
MP4 MPEG Yes Yes Yes 1) In specially formatted text track (QuickTime); 2) In userdata atom (started by Nero Digital) can't interact with the sceneDescription, or via segmentDescriptor ttxt, VobSubs with private objectTypeIndication not usable with the sceneDescription (started by Nero), BIFS MPEG-4 ASP, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, H.263, VC-1, Dirac, others[12] MPEG-2/4 (HE)-AAC, MPEG-1/2 Layers I, II, III (MP3), AC-3, Apple Lossless, ALS, SLS, Vorbis(with private objectTypeIndication), others[12] Yes Yes
MPEG Video File (.mpg, .mpeg) MPEG Yes Yes Yes No No MPEG-1, MPEG-2[13] MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: LPCM[14] No No
MPEG program stream PS (.ps) MPEG Yes Yes ? Only in private streams - used in VOB files on DVDs Only in private streams - used in VOB files on DVDs MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 Part 2[13] MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams:AC-3, LPCM, DTS[14] No Only in private streams - used in VOB files on DVDs
MPEG transport stream TS (.ts) MPEG Yes Yes Yes No possible via ETSI EN 300 743 MPEG-1, MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-4 ASP, H.264, other formats in private streams: VC-1, Dirac[15] MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), AAC, other formats in private streams: AC-3, LPCM, DTS[15] No No
BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream (.m2ts) Blu-ray Disc Association Yes ? Yes Yes Yes MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264, VC-1 AC-3, DTS, LPCM, Dolby Digital Plus, DTS HD, Dolby Lossless ? ?
NUT MPlayer team/NUT Project Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtually anything Virtually anything Yes ?
Ogg Xiph.org, patent-free Yes[1] Yes Yes Yes Ogg Writ, Ogg Kate Theora, Dirac, OggUVS, MNG and others[16][17], almost anything through VFW Vorbis, FLAC, Speex, CELT, OggPCM[16][17], almost anything through ACM CMML, Ogg Skeleton, Vorbis comment[18] No
Quicktime (.mov, .qt) Apple Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Limited to what is available to the QuickTime codec manager Limited to what is available to Sound Manager or CoreAudio Yes No
RMVB RealNetworks Yes ? Yes ? Yes RealVideo 8, 9, 10 (HE)-AAC, Cook Codec, Vorbis, RealAudio Lossless ? No
VOB+IFO DVD Forum Yes Yes No Yes Yes MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-1 Part 2 AC-3, Linear PCM, DTS, MPEG-2 Part 3, MPEG-1 Layer II No Yes
Standard owner Support for B-frames Variable bit rate audio Variable frame rate Chapters Subtitles Video formats supported Audio formats supported Metadata/Tags supported Supports Menuing

Media supported

Audio formats supported

Lossy compression Lossless compression
MP3 WMA RealAudio Vorbis Musepack AAC AC-3 DTS APE FLAC ALAC SHN WavPack MLP / Dolby TrueHD DTS-HD
QuickTime Yes Yes ? Yes ? Yes Yes ? ? Yes Yes ? ? No No
AVI Yes Yes No No No Yes [19] Yes Yes No No No No No
Matroska Yes Yes Yes Yes Scheduled [20] Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes
MP4 Yes Yes No Yes ? Yes Yes [21] Yes No No Yes No No No No

Video formats supported

MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 (A)SP H.264/MPEG-4 AVC VC-1/WMV RealVideo Theora
QuickTime Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes
AVI Yes Yes Yes Problematic, limited B-frame support[4] Yes No Yes
OGM Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes
Matroska Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
MP4 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[22] No No

Notes and references

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 B-frames are not natively supported so bitstream processing or "packing" is needed. Details on this can be found in MPEG-4 B-frames in AVI/VFW description.
  2. ↑ ACM cannot handle VBR audio streams in AVI files. Thus, software using ACM to read audio from AVI files will not be able to handle VBR audio streams correctly, even though such files are compliant to the AVI file specification. This is a limitation of the ACM, not of the AVI file format.
  3. ↑ Although AVI is not designed for variable framerates, it is possible to use them without creating a non-standard file by using 0-byte chunks for skipped frames. However it requires framerate to be set to Least common multiple of all framerates used, and produces slight overhead compared to true VFR.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Through an updated x264/ffdshow filter it is possible to view H.264 in an AVI file.
  5. ↑ Although FFmpeg has introduced a solution to put Vorbis audio into AVI files, this "extension" is not compatible with existing Vorbis decoders for DirectShow and ACM. Putting Vorbis in an AVI container is very problematic. The way Nandub stored Vorbis audio streams in AVI files occasionally caused desychronisation when seeking.
  6. ↑ Adobe Systems Incorporated (November 2008) (PDF). Video File Format Specification, Version 10. Adobe Systems Incorporated. p. 33. http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flv/pdf/video_file_format_spec_v10.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-03. 
  7. ↑ H.264/MPEG-4 AVC support is available in Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 (version 9.0.115.0 from December 2007) press release
  8. ↑ AAC support is available in Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 (version 9.0.115.0 from December 2007) press release
  9. ↑ Adobe Systems Incorporated (November 2008) (PDF). Video File Format Specification, Version 10. Adobe Systems Incorporated. p. 6. http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flv/pdf/video_file_format_spec_v10.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-03. 
  10. ↑ Although CoreCodec owns the copyrights and trademarks for the Matroska specification, the specifications are open to everybody. The source code of the libraries developed by the Matroska team is licensed under the LGPL and BSD licenses.
  11. ↑ http://forum.doom9.org/showthread.php?t=140723
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 mp4ra.org - MP4 Registration authority. "Registered types - Codecs, MPEG-4 Registration authority". http://www.mp4ra.org/codecs.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 ISO (2000-12-01) ISO/IEC 13818-1 : 2000, Second edition Retrieved on 2009-07-25
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 dvd.sourceforge.net DVD Resources for Open Source Development, DVD - MPEG differences, Retrieved on 2009-07-28
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC - registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers Retrieved on 2009-07-06
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "MIME Types and File Extensions". XiphWiki. http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/MIME_Types_and_File_Extensions. Retrieved 2009-10-24. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "RFC 5334 - Ogg Media Types". IETF. 2008-09. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5334. Retrieved 2009-10-24. 
  18. ↑ "Ogg Metadata". Xiph Wiki. 2005-12-20. http://wiki.xiph.org/Metadata. Retrieved 2007-08-31. 
  19. ↑ There is a value in the stream headers, called dwSampleSize, which is 0 in order to trigger VBR stream seeking. This is officially documented in the MSDN and not a hack, bug or whatever. The way MP3-VBR and AAC are stored in AVI are specified and completely compliant with the AVI file specification.
  20. ↑ Possible, but not implemented at this date. The developers are awaiting the release of Musepack 8.x, as this version will completely change the bitstream.
  21. ↑ According to "ETSI TS 102 366 v1.2.1 - Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, Enhanced AC-3) Standard, Annex F"
  22. ↑ As specified by SMPTE Recommended Practices 2025–2007, "VC-1 Bitstream Storage in the ISO Base Media File Format."

See also

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