Comparison of operating systems
These tables compare general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available operating systems.
Due to the large number and variety of available Linux distributions, they are all grouped under a single entry; see comparison of Linux distributions for a detailed comparison. There are also a variety of BSD operating systems, covered in comparison of BSD operating systems. For information on views of each operating system, see operating system advocacy.
General information
Name | Creator | First public release | Predecessor | Latest stable version | Latest release date | Cost/Availability | Preferred licenseTemplate:Fn | Target system type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIX | IBM | 1986-?-? | System V R3 | 6.1 | 2007-11-? | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server, NetApp, Workstation |
AmigaOS Classic | Commodore International, Haage & Partner | 1985-07-23 | TRIPOS (as the disk operating component of AmigaOS) | 3.9 | Bundled with hardware up to version 2.0. Versions 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.5 and 3.9 also available as separate package. | Proprietary, Open source clone available under AROS Public License | Workstation, Home Desktop | |
AmigaOS 4 | Hyperion Entertainment | 2004-05 | AmigaOS Classic | 4.1 | 2010-01-14 | 4.0 bundled with hardware. 4.0 for classic and 4.1 available as standalone package at € 99. | Proprietary, Open source clone available under AROS Public License | Workstation, Home Desktop |
FreeBSD | The FreeBSD Project | 1993-12-? | 386BSD | 8.0 | 2009-11-26 | Free | BSD | Server, Workstation, NetApp, Embedded |
Haiku | Haiku Inc. | - | BeOS R5 | (14-09-09) | Free | MIT License | Home Desktop | |
HP-UX | Hewlett-Packard | 1983-?-? | Unix | 11.31 "11i v3" | 2007-02-15 | $400 | Proprietary | Server, Workstation |
IBM i | IBM | 1988-?-? | OS/400 | V6R1.1 | 2009-10-23 | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server |
IRIX | SGI | 1988-?-? | Unix | 6.5.30 | 2006-08-16 | Bundled with hardware | Proprietary | Server, Workstation |
Inferno | Bell Labs | 1997-?-? | Plan 9 | Fourth Edition | 2007-02-? | Free | MIT/GNU GPL/GNU LGPL/LPL | NetApp, Server, Embedded |
GNU/Linux | UnixTemplate:Fn, MinixTemplate:Fn | Free as in Freedom | GNU GPL | |||||
Mac OS | Apple Inc. | 1984-01-24 | NoneTemplate:Fn Template:Fn | 9.2.2 | 2002-05-12 | Bundled with 68K and PowerPC Macs;
versions 7-9 sold as retail upgradesTemplate:Fn |
Proprietary | Workstation, home desktop |
Mac OS X | Apple Inc. | 2001-03-24 | NeXTStep / OPENSTEP / Rhapsody, Mac OS, UNIX | 10.6.2 | 2009-11-09 | Bundled with hardware; upgrades sold separately: Desktop $169 (Single User Mac Box Set), $29 (Single User Mac OS X v10.5 Upgrade) Family Pack $229 (5 User Mac Box Set), $49 (5 uUser Mac OS X v10.5 Upgrade) |
Open source core system (Both Intel and PowerPC versions) (APSL, GNU GPL, others) with proprietary higher level API layers | Workstation, Home Desktop, Mobile (embedded) |
Mac OS X Server | Apple Inc. | 2001-03-24 | NeXTStep / OPENSTEP / Rhapsody, Mac OS | 10.6.2 | 2009-10-09 | Bundled with hardware; also sold separately: $499 (unlimited clients) |
Open source core system (Both Intel and PowerPC versions) (APSL, GNU GPL, others) with proprietary higher level API layers | Server |
Minix3 | Andrew S. Tanenbaum | 2005-10-? | Minix2 | 3.1.3a | 2007-06-08 | Free | BSD | Workstation |
NetBSD | The NetBSD Project | 1993-05-? | 386BSD | 5.0.1 | 2009-08-02 | Free | BSD | NetApp, Server, Workstation, Embedded |
NeXTStep | NeXT | 1989-9-18 | Unix | 3.3 | 1995-02-01 | Bundled with hardware, then sold separately | Proprietary | Workstation |
NetWare | Novell | 1985 | S-Net | 6.5 SP7 | 2007-10-? | $184 (single-user) | Proprietary | Server |
OpenBSD | The OpenBSD Project | 1995-10-? | NetBSD 1.0 | 4.6 | 2009-10-18 | Free | BSD | Server, NetApp, Workstation, Embedded |
OpenVMS | DEC (now HP) | 1977-10-25 | RSX-11M | 8.3-1H1 | 2007-10-? | Free for non-commercial use | Proprietary | Server, Workstation |
OS/2 | IBM and Microsoft | 1987-12-? | UNIX, Windows 3.x | 4.52 | 2001-12-? | $300 | Proprietary | Home Desktop, Server |
PC-BSD | PC-BSD Software | 2006-?-? | FreeBSDTemplate:Fn | 7.1.1 | 2009-06-07 | Free | BSD | Desktop, Workstation, Server |
Plan 9 | Bell Labs | 1993-?-? | Unix | Fourth Edition | (Daily snapshots) | Free | LPL | Workstation, Server, Embedded, HPC |
QNX | QNX Software Systems | 1982-?-? | Unix | 6.4.1 | 2009-05-28 | ? | Proprietary | Workstation, Server, Embedded |
Solaris | Sun | 1992-07-? | SunOS | 10 5/09 | 2008-04-15 | Free | CDDL | Server, Workstation |
OpenSolaris | Sun | 2008.05 | Solaris | 2009.06 | 2009-06-01 | Free | CDDL | Desktop, Workstation, Server |
Windows Server (NT family) | Microsoft | 1993-07-27 | MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows 3.x | Windows Server 2008 (NT 6.0) | 2008-02-27 | $469 Web Server; other editions dependent on number of CALs purchased | Proprietary | Server, NetApp, Embedded, HPC |
Microsoft Windows (NT family) | Microsoft | 27 July 1993 | MS-DOS, OS/2, Windows 3.x | Windows 7 (NT 6.1.7600) | 2009-10-22 Template:Fn | Home Basic (Retail) $99.95, Home Premium (Retail) $119.95, Business (Retail) $299.95, Ultimate (Retail) $300.95[1] | Proprietary | Workstation, Home Desktop, media center, Tablet PC, embedded |
Microsoft Windows (Classic family) | Microsoft | 1985-11-20 | MS-DOS, Windows 1 and later | Windows ME (Win 4.90.3000) | 2000-09-14 Template:Fn | Outdated product. No longer for sale. | Proprietary | Home Desktop, Media Center |
RISC OS | Acorn Computers, RISC OS Limited, Castle Technology Ltd | 1989-04-? | ARTHUR, also the BBC Master OS | RISC OS 6.10 Select4i4 and RISC OS 5.13" | 2008-05-28 | Bundled with hardware, then sold separately at $127 (£70) | Proprietary | educational desktop, home computer |
ZETA | yellowTAB | 2005-06-? | BeOS R5 | 1.2 | 2006-04-27 | Discontinued | Proprietary | Home Desktop, Media Workstation |
STOP 6 / XTS-400 | BAE Systems | 2003-?-? | STOP 5 / XTS-300 | 6.4.U1 | 2007-06-? | Unknown; supplied to customers on-demand by BAE Systems | Proprietary | Server, Workstation, cross-domain solution, network guard |
ReactOS | ReactOS development team | 1996-?-? | Windows NT | 0.3.11 | 2009-12-16 | Free | GNU GPL, GNU LGPL | Workstation, Home Desktop |
z/OS | IBM | 2000 | OS/390 | 1.11 | 2009-09-25 | Monthly License Charge (about $130 and up) | Proprietary | IBM mainframe |
z/VM | IBM | 2000 | VM (operating system) | 6.1 | 2009-10-23 | Monthly License Charge | Proprietary | IBM mainframe |
Name | Creator | First public release | Predecessor | Latest stable version | Latest release date | Cost/Availability | Preferred licenseTemplate:Fn | Target system type |
Template:Fnb Most OS distributions include bundled software with various other licenses.
Template:Fnb Although Lisa OS ran on the same (albeit a slower version) microprocessor and was developed by Apple Computer at the same time as Mac OS, they were developed as different projects, sharing only a similar GUI between them. [2]
Template:Fnb Mac OS versions up to 7.5.5 are available free of charge here.
Template:FnbGNU is a recursive acronym for GNU's Not Unix, which was chosen because its design is Unix-like, but differs from Unix by being Free software and by not containing any Unix code.
Template:FnbMinix inspired the Linux kernel. No code from Minix was used to create the Linux kernel.
Template:FnbPC-BSD uses FreeBSD as a base system with custom configuration and several desktop oriented tools to create an easy to use FreeBSD system for Desktops and Workstations.
Template:Fnb Mac OS 7.6 was the first Mac OS operating system to be labeled Mac OS. Operating systems prior to this were named System Software 0.1 (available only to developers) through System Software 7.5, and known as System #.# for short.
Template:Fnb Windows Vista was released to manufacturing on November 8, 2006, and was subsequently made available to software developers and businesses in November 2006, with retail availability following on January 30, 2007
Technical information
Name | Computer architectures supported | File systems supported | Kernel type | Source lines of code | GUI default is onTemplate:Fn | Package management | Update management | Native APIsTemplate:Fn | Non-native APIs supported through subsystems |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIX | PowerPC | JFS, JFS2, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, GPFS | Monolithic | No | installp, RPM | Service Update Management Assistant (SUMA) | SysV, POSIX | ||
AmigaOS Classic | 68k | Proprietary (OFS, FFS,SFS, PFS), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc. | Microkernel | Yes | InstallerTemplate:Fn (almost not necessary)Template:Fn | Proprietary | UNIX (BSD) (available through 3rd party ixemul.library) | ||
AmigaOS 4 | PPC (x86 Clone available, see: AROS) | Proprietary (OFS, FFS,SFS, PFS), JXFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc. | Microkernel | Yes | InstallerTemplate:Fn (almost not necessary)Template:Fn | AmiUpdate (almost not necessary)Template:Fn | Proprietary | UNIX (BSD) (available through 3rd party ixemul.library) | |
FreeBSD | x86, x86-64, PC98, SPARC, others | UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental), ZFS (experimental) and others | Monolithic with modules | No | ports tree, packages | by source (CVSup, portsnap), network binary update (freebsdupdate) | POSIX, BSD | Mono, Java, Win16, Win32, Linux | |
Haiku | x86, 68k | BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, ext3, NTFS | Hybrid | Yes | - | None | POSIX, BeOS API | ||
HP-UX | PA-RISC, IA-64 | VxFS, HFS, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, SMBFS | Monolithic with modules | No | swinstall | swa (HP-UX Software Assistant) | SysV, POSIX | ||
Linux | x86, x86-64, PPC, SPARC, Alpha, others | ext2, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, and others | Monolithic with modules | ~ 9 million [3] (Kernel)
~283 million [2] (Debian GNU/Linux) |
See: Comparison of Linux distributions | POSIX | Mono, Java, Win16, Win32 | ||
Inferno | x86, PPC, SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, others | Styx/9P2000, kfs, FAT, ISO 9660 | Monolithic with modules, user space file systems | Yes | ? | ? | Proprietary | ||
Mac OS Classic | 68k, PPC | HFS+, HFS, MFS (Mac OS 8.0 and before), AFP, ISO 9660, FAT(System 7 and later), UDF | Monolithic with modules | Yes | None | Software Update (only in Mac OS 9) | Toolbox, Carbon (from version 8.1) | ||
Mac OS X | PPC, x86, x86-64, ARM | HFS+ (default), HFS, UFS, AFP, ISO 9660, FAT, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, NTFS (read only), FTP, WebDAV, ZFS (experimental) | Hybrid | ~86 million[3] | Yes | Mac OS X Installer | Software Update | Carbon, Cocoa, Java, BSD/POSIX | Toolbox (only in versions up to Mac OS X 10.4, not supported on x86 architecture), Win16, Win32 |
Minix3 | x86 | Microkernel | 4000 | No | POSIX | ||||
NetBSD | x86, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PPC, SPARC64, others | UFS, UFS2, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, LFS, and others | Monolithic with modules | NoTemplate:Fn | pkgsrc | by source (CVS, CVSup, rsync) or binary (using sysinst) | BSD, POSIX | Linux, others | |
NetWare | x86 | NSS, NWFS, FAT, NFS, AFP, UDF, CIFS, ISO 9660 | Hybrid | Yes | NWCONFIG.NLM, RPM, X11-based GUI installer | binary updates, ZENWorks for Servers, Red Carpet | Proprietary | ||
OpenBSD | x86, x86-64, SPARC, 68k, Alpha, VAX, others | ffs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, some others | Monolithic with modules | NoTemplate:Fn | ports tree, packages | by source | BSD, POSIX | ||
OpenVMS | VAX, Alpha, IA-64 | Files-11 (ODS), ISO 9660, NFS, CIFS | Monolithic with modules | No | PCSI, VMSINSTAL | ? | Proprietary | POSIX | |
OS/2 | x86 | HPFS, JFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS | Monolithic with modules | Yes | Feature Install and others | ? | Proprietary, DOS API, Win16 | Win32 | |
PC-BSD | x86 Template:Fn | UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental) and others | Monolithic with modules | Yes | ports tree, packages, PBI Graphical Installers | by PBI updates, source (CVSup, portsnap), network binary update (freebsdupdate) | BSD, POSIX | Win16, Win32 | |
Plan 9 | x86, Alpha, MIPS, PPC, SPARC, others | fossil/venti, 9P2000, kfs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660 | Monolithic, user space file systems | Yes | None | replica | Proprietary (Unix-like) | POSIX compatibility layer | |
QNX | x86, SH-4, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS | QNX4, QNX6, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, Joliet, NFS, CIFS, ETFS, UDF, HFS, HFS Plus, NTFS, and others. | Micro | POSIX, Java | |||||
ReactOS | x86, PowerPC | FAT | Hybrid | 1-2 mil | Yes | None | None | Win32, NT API | |
RISC OS | ARM (both 26 and 32-bit) | Acorn ADFS, Econet ANFS, FAT, ISO 9660, many others as loadable filesystems | Unprotected monotasking microkernel with large number of relocatable modules | Yes | Applications self-contained; hardware drivers often in ROM | !IyoUpWtch | Huge number of SWI calls; extensive C libraries | ||
Solaris | x86, x86-64, SPARC | UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others | Monolithic with modules | Yes | SysV packages (pkgadd) | Sun Connection | SysV, POSIX, GTK, Java | Win16, Win32, Mono, Linux[4] | |
OpenSolaris | x86, x86-64, SPARC(AI) | UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others | Monolithic with modules | ~10 million | Yes | Image Packaging System (pkg), SysV packages (pkgadd) | Image Packaging System | SysV, POSIX, GTK, Java | Win16, Win32, Mono, Linux[4] |
STOP 6 / XTS-400 | x86 | Proprietary | Monolithic | No | RPM for some untrusted applications | Binary updates via postal mail and proprietary tools | some SysV, some POSIX, some Linux, some proprietary | ||
Windows Server (NT family) | x86, x86-64, IA-64 | NTFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, reiserfsTemplate:Fn, and HFS | Hybrid | ~45 million[5] | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, NT API | DOS API, Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET |
Windows (NT family) | x86, x86-64 | NTFS, FAT exFAT ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, reiserfsTemplate:Fn, HFS+, FATX, and HFS | Hybrid | ~ 40(XP)/64(Vista) million[citation needed] | Yes | MSI, custom installers | Windows Update | Win32, NT API | DOS API, Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET |
ZETA | x86 | BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, HFS, AFP, ext2, CIFS, NTFS (read only), ReiserFS (read only, up to v3.6) | Hybrid | Yes | SoftwareValet, script-based installers | None | POSIX, BeOS API | ||
z/OS | z/Architecture | VSAM catalogs, HFS, zFS, etc. | Monolithic | No | SMP/E | SMP/E | Access methods, etc. | POSIX | |
Name | Computer architectures supported | File systems supported | Kernel type | Source lines of code | GUI default is onTemplate:Fn | Package management | Update management | Native APIsTemplate:Fn | Non-native APIs supported through subsystems |
Template:Fnb Operating systems where the GUI is not installed and turned on by default are often bundled with an implementation of the X Window System, installation of which is usually optional.
Template:Fnb Most operating systems use proprietary APIs in addition to any supported standards.
Template:Fnb NetBSD and OpenBSD include the X Window System as base install sets, managed in their respective main source repository, including local modifications. Packages are also provided for more up-to-date versions which may be less tested.
Template:Fnb Windows can read and write with Ext2 and Ext3 file systems only when a driver from FS-driver or ext2fsd is installed. However, using Explore2fs, Windows can read from, but not write to, Ext2 and Ext3 file systems. Windows can also access ReiserFS through rfstool and related programs.
Template:Fnb only i686 CPU
Template:Fnb Amiga OS features since OS 2.0 version a standard centralized Install utility called Installer, which could be used by any software house to install programs. It works as a LISP language interpreter, and install procedures could be listed as simple text. AmigaOS can also benefit of a 3rd party copyrighted library called XAD that is available for all POSIX (Unix, Linux, BSD, and for AmigaOS, MorphOS, etc.). This library is freely distributable and publicly available on Aminet Amiga centralized repository of all Open Source or Free programs and utilities. XAD.Library, complete with GUI Voodoo-X, is based on modules and capable to manage over 300 compression methods and package systems (Voodoo-X GUI supports 80 package systems), including those widely accepted as standards such as .ZIP, .CAB, .LHA, .LZX, .RPM, etc.
Template:Fnb A standard AmigaOS installation requires usually only few files (typically 3 to 10 files) to be copied in their appropriate directory, and libraries and language files for national localization to be put in their standard OS directories. Any Amiga user with some minimal experience knows where these files should be copied and could perform programs installations by hand.
Template:FnbAmiUpdate is capable to update AmigaOS files and also all Amiga programs which are registered to use the same update program that is standard for Amiga. Updating AmigaOS requires only few libraries to be put in standard OS location (for example all libraries are stored in "Libs:" standard virtual device and absolute path finder for "Libs" directory, Fonts are all in "Fonts:" absolute locator, the files for language localization are all stored in "Locale:" and so on). This leaves Amiga users with a minimal knowledge of the system almost free to perform by hand the update of the system files.
Security
Resource access control | Subsystem isolation mechanisms | Integrated firewall | Encrypted file systems | No execute (NX) page flag | Known unpatched vulnerabilities (severity not accounted for)Template:Fn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hardware | Emulation | Number | Oldest | ||||||
AIX | Unix, ACLs | chroot | IP Filter, IPSec VPNs, basic IDS | Yes | YesTemplate:Fn | n/a | 3 | 11 October 2002 | |
FreeBSD | Unix, ACLs, MAC | chroot, jail, MAC Partitions | IPFW2, IPFilter, PF | Yes | Yes | NoTemplate:Fn | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
HP-UX | Unix, ACLs | chroot | IPFilter | No | ? | 4 | 12 December 2002 | ||
Inferno | Unix | Namespaces, Capability-based security, no superuser or setuid bit | ? | ? | No | No | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
Linux | Unix, ACLsTemplate:Fn, MAC | chroot, Capability-based securityTemplate:Fn, seccomp, SELinux | Netfilter/Varied by distribution | Yes | Yes | Yes | 10 | 10 May 2004 | |
Mac OS Classic | No | No | No | No | No | No | 0 | - | |
Mac OS X | Unix, ACLsTemplate:Fn | chroot | ipfw | Yes | Yes (as of 10.5, X64 Only) | Yes (Intel Only) | 5 | 22 November 2006 | |
NetBSD | Unix, Veriexec, PaX, kauth | chroot, systrace, kauth | IPFilter, PF | Yes | Yes | No | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
NetWare | Directory-enabled ACLs | Protected Address Spaces | IPFLT.NLM | Yes | Yes | No | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
OES-Linux | Directory-enabled ACLs | chroot | IPFilter | Yes | Yes | No | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
OpenBSD | Unix | chroot, systrace | PF | Yes | Yes | Yes | 0 Template:Fn | - | |
OpenVMS | ACLs, Privileges | logical name tables | ? | ? | Yes | ? | 0 | - | |
OS/2 / eComStation | ACLsTemplate:Fn | No | IP Filter | No | ? | colspan="2" Template:Unk | |||
PC-BSD | Unix, ACLs, MAC | chroot, jail, MAC Partitions | IPFW2, IPFilter, PF | YesTemplate:Fn | ? | colspan="2" Template:Unk | |||
Plan 9 | Unix (?) | Namespaces, Capability-based security, no superuser or setuid bit | ipmux | Yes | No | No | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
QNX | Unix | IP Filter | ? | colspan="2" Template:Unk | |||||
Solaris | Unix, RBAC, ACLs, Least privilege, Trusted Extensions | chroot, ContainersTemplate:Fn, Logical Domains | IPFilter | YesTemplate:Fn | Yes | No | 5 | 2005-04-13 | |
OpenSolaris | Unix, RBAC, ACLs, Least privilege, Trusted Extensions | chroot, ContainersTemplate:Fn, Logical Domains | IPFilter | YesTemplate:Fn | Yes | No | |||
Windows Server 2008 | ACLs, Privileges, RBAC | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering | Yes | Yes | Yes | 0 | - | |
Windows XP | ACLs | Win32 WindowStation, Desktop, Job objects | Windows Firewall, TCP/IP Filtering | Yes (With NTFS) | YesTemplate:Fn | YesTemplate:Fn | 4; 30 | 23 February 2007; 2 September 2002 | |
ZETA | Unix Template:Fn | No | No | No | No | No | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
STOP 6 / XTS-400Template:Fn | Unix, Multilevel security, Biba mandatory integrity, ACLs, Privileges, subtype mechanism | Multilevel security, Biba Integrity Model, subtype mechanism | No | No | No | No | colspan="2" Template:Unk | ||
z/OS | RACF | RACF, key-protected address spaces | z/OS IPSecurity | Optional | Yes (key-protected address spaces) | Yes | 0 | - | - |
Template:Fnb The one OpenBSD vulnerability mentioned in the report was patched. The patch is available through ftp here.
Template:Fnb Comparison of known unpatched vulnerabilities is based on Secunia vulnerabilities reports with a severity of less critical and above. Updated automatically.
Template:Fnb POSIX ACL support is included in Linux 2.6, but requires a file system capable of storing them (such as ext3, XFS or ReiserFS).
Template:Fnb A jail mechanism is available separately in the Linux-VServer project, but is not integrated into any mainline Linux kernel.
Template:Fnb The Exec Shield and PaX extensions provide NX emulation on x86 hardware. They are not yet integrated inside the mainline kernel but are available as patches or separate kernels
Template:Fnb ACLs were added to Mac OS X beginning with version 10.4.
Template:Fnb ACLs are available only in OS/2 Server versions with HPFS386 filesystem.
Template:Fnb "Solaris Containers" (including "Zones") are a jail-type mechanism introduced with Solaris 10.
Template:Fnb Zeta has full Unix file permissions, but the OS is single user, and users always run as superuser.
Template:Fnb STOP 6 is certified under Common Criteria at EAL5+.
Template:Fnb Additionally swap space may be encrypted during installation, uses memory based tmp file storage by default.
Template:Fnb Through ZFS
Template:Fnb Novell NetWare uses MSDOS to load itself in to memory and once it is running, MSDOS is not used and can be unloaded (it is a common misconception that NetWare "runs on top of MSDOS").
Template:Fnb AIX use the PowerPC architecture which offer page-level protection mechanism. Since AIX version 5300-03 (5.3), this feature can be activated using the sedmgr command.
Template:Fnb FreeBSD can be built with ProPolice/SSP.
Template:Fnb Available on XP sp2, 2003 sp1 and newer.
Template:Fnb By default, software-enforced DEP helps protect only limited system binaries.
Commands
description | FreeBSD | Linux | Linux+BusyBox | MacOSX | Solaris | Windows (cmd) | Windows (powershell) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
list directory | ls | ls | ls | ls | ls | dir | dir & ls & Get-ChildItem |
clear console | clear | clear | ? | clear | clear | cls | clear |
copy file(s) | cp | cp | cp | cp | cp | copy | cp & Copy-Item |
move file(s) | mv | mv | mv | mv | mv | move | mv & Move-Item |
rename file(s) | mv | mv, rename | ? | mv | mv | ren (rename) | ? |
delete file(s) | rm | rm | rm | rm | rm | del (erase) | rm & Remove-Item |
delete directory | rm -r | rm -r | rm -r | rm -r | rm -r | rd (rmdir) | rm -r & rmdir |
create directory | mkdir | mkdir | mkdir | mkdir | mkdir | md (mkdir) | mkdir |
change current directory | cd | cd | cd | cd | cd | cd (chdir) | cd & Set-Location |
run shell script with new shell | sh file.sh | sh file.sh | sh file.sh | sh file.sh | sh file.sh | cmd /c file.cmd | ? |
kill processes | kill, killall | pkill, killall | ? | kill | kill, pkill | taskkill | taskkill |
change process priority | ? | nice, renice | ? | nice | nice | start /low, start /normal, start /high, start /realtime | ? |
change io priority | ? | ionice | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
create file system | newfs | mkfs | ? | ? | newfs | format | ? |
file system check and recovery | fsck | fsck | ? | ? | fsck | chkdsk | ? |
create hardware raid | ? | (raidutil) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
create software raid | atacontrol, gmirror | (mdadm—create) | ? | ? | metainit, zfs create | ? | ? |
mount device | mount | mount | ? | diskutil mount | mount | mountvol | mount & New-PSDrive |
unmount device | umount | umount | ? | diskutil unmount(disk) | umount | mountvol /d | Remove-PSDrive |
mount file as block device | vnconfig + mount | mount -o loop | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
show network configration | ifconfig | ifconfig | ? | ifconfig | ifconfig | ipconfig | ipconfig |
show network route | ? | route | ? | ? | ? | route | ? |
trace network route | traceroute | traceroute | ? | traceroute | traceroute | tracert | tracert |
trace network route with pings | ? | (mtr) | ? | ? | ? | pathping | pathping |
description | FreeBSD | Linux | Linux+BusyBox | MacOSX | Solaris | Windows (cmd) | Windows (powershell) |
See also
- Usage share of operating systems
- Comparison of open source operating systems
- Comparison of Linux distributions
- Comparison of Windows versions
- Comparison of BSD operating systems
- Comparison of x86 DOS operating systems
- Comparison of Windows and Linux
- MacvsWindows
- List of operating systems
- Timeline of operating systems
- Comparison of kernels
- Comparison of file systems
- Comparison of command shells
- Operating system advocacy
References
- ↑ http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-vista/compare-editions/default.aspx
- ↑ Amor, Juan José; et al. (17 June 2007). "Measuring Etch: the size of Debian 4.0". https://penta.debconf.org/~joerg/attachments/33-measuring_etch_slides.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
- ↑ Jobs, Steve (August 2006). "Live from WWDC 2006: Steve Jobs Keynote". http://www.engadget.com/2006/08/07/live-from-wwdc-2006-steve-jobs-keynote/. Retrieved 2007-02-16. "86 million lines of source code that was ported to run on an entirely new architecture with zero hiccups."
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 [1]
- ↑ Ben Liblit, Andrew Begel, and Eve Sweetser. "Cognitive Perspectives on the Role of Naming in Computer Programs". http://research.microsoft.com/~abegel/papers/ppig-naming.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
External links
Search Wikibooks | Wikibooks has a book on the topic of |
- "Operating System Technological Comparison". http://www.osdata.com/. Retrieved May 9, 2005.
- How to choose the right operating system for you
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